An Overview of Common Eye Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Maintaining healthy vision is essential to overall well-being, but common eye diseases can impact your eyesight and quality of life if left untreated. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments for prevalent eye conditions can help you recognize when it’s time to seek professional care.
 

Cataracts

Symptoms:

• Cloudy or blurry vision

• Sensitivity to light

• Difficulty seeing at night

• Halos around lights
   

Causes:
Cataracts develop when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy due to protein buildup, often as a result of aging, prolonged sun exposure, or certain health conditions such as diabetes.
 

Treatments:
Mild cataracts can be managed with updated eyeglasses or anti-glare coatings. Advanced cataracts may require surgical removal, which is a safe and effective procedure.
 

Glaucoma

Symptoms:

• Loss of peripheral vision (in early stages)

• Eye pain or pressure

• Redness in the eye

• Nausea and vomiting (in acute cases)
   

Causes:
Glaucoma occurs when elevated eye pressure damages the optic nerve. It can be hereditary or linked to other conditions such as diabetes or hypertension.
 

Treatments:
Early detection through regular eye exams is crucial. Treatments include medicated eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage.
 

Dry Eye Syndrome

Symptoms:

• Stinging, burning, or scratchy sensation in the eyes

• Redness and irritation

• Blurred vision

• Sensitivity to light
   

Causes:
Dry eyes result from insufficient tear production or poor-quality tears. Common causes include aging, environmental factors, certain medications, or prolonged screen use.
 

Treatments:
Artificial tears, prescription eye drops, lifestyle changes, and advanced treatments such as punctal plugs can provide relief.
 

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Symptoms:

• Blurry or wavy central vision

• Difficulty recognizing faces

• Dark spots in the center of vision
   

Causes:
AMD is a degenerative condition affecting the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. Risk factors include age, smoking, and a family history of AMD.
 

Treatments:
While there is no cure, dietary changes, vitamins, anti-VEGF injections, or laser therapy can help slow progression.
 

Diabetic Retinopathy

Symptoms:

• Floaters or dark spots

• Blurred vision

• Vision loss (in advanced stages)
   

Causes:
This condition occurs when high blood sugar levels damage blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems.
 

Treatments:
Managing blood sugar levels is key. Treatments may include laser therapy, injections, or surgery for severe cases.
 

Protect Your Vision with Regular Eye Exams

Regular comprehensive eye exams are your first line of defense against these and other eye diseases. Early detection can prevent vision loss and ensure you receive the most effective treatment. At Smoot Eye Care, we’re dedicated to providing advanced diagnostic tools and tailored care for all your eye health needs. 
 

If you’re experiencing symptoms of eye disease, schedule a comprehensive eye exam with Smoot Eye Care for expert care. Visit our office in Bedford, Indiana, or call (812) 675-4199 to book an appointment today.